The course for a bobsled race is known as a “run.” All new bobsled tracks must meet IBSF specifications so that they can be used for luge and skeleton competitions as well. IBSF has sanctioned 16 of the 18 bobsled runs throughout the globe.
Bobsledders must adhere to international rules set by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) regarding track length, curve construction, vertical drop, and centrifugal force. Whenever possible, new tracks will be laid so that they follow the natural contours of the land.
Bobsled racing is an exhilarating sport that captivates audiences worldwide, especially during the Winter Olympics. A major part of the intrigue is the winding, icy track on which the sledders zoom at high speeds.
But have you ever wondered how these tracks are made or what their specifics are? This article delves deep into the world of bobsled tracks, their construction, maintenance, and some intriguing tidbits about the sled itself.
Bobsled racing, one of the highlights of the Winter Olympics, combines the thrill of speed with the technical prowess of track design and sled mechanics. However, while many watch and marvel at the sport, few understand the complexities behind it.
This article delves into the world of bobsleds: from track costs and construction, the weight of the sleds, and their intricate designs, to the speeds they achieve and more.
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Contents
What Are Modern Bobsled Tracks Made Of
Completely one bobsled run in the world uses only natural snow and ice, and that’s the St. Moritz-Celerina in St. Mortiz, Switzerland. Bobsled tracks elsewhere in the world are often constructed from metal or concrete.
At the start of the race, the concrete is covered with snow, which is then soaked in water. The resulting sheet of ice serves as the course for the competition.
Push-Off Stretch
At the start of a bobsled race, the competitors use a “push-off stretch” to get a head start. In this section, the bobsledders can push the bob because it is a straight length with enough room. Because this push and gravity are the sole sources of speed for the bob for the entire race, the competitors must run as fast as they possibly can.
Any extra weight the team has added to the bobsled in order to reach the maximum weight limit is a hindrance during the push-off. Weight makes a difference; a sturdier bob is more challenging to move, even when friction is minimal.
It Takes Roughly Six Seconds To Get To The Starting Position For The Launch.
An advantageous start is critical, since a 1/10-second advantage at the beginning of the race can balloon to a 3/10-second advantage by the finish. After getting a good start, the bobsledders hop off the track and into the bob, where they stoop to maximise their aerodynamics.
The norm is for the driver to get in first, followed by the brakeman. The pilot and any other people on board lower their steering controls.
The Driver And Gravity Now Play The Biggest Roles in Finishing The Race.
The driver guides the bob along the run with extremely precise motions. Every member of the crew takes a turn shifting his or her weight as needed. The goal of any driver is to discover the line, or the best possible course down the circuit. Next, we’ll go deeper into the line and the bobsled’s path as they relate to the laws of physics.
How Do They Make Bobsled Tracks?
- Design and Planning: Before actual construction, experts design the track, keeping in mind the topography of the land and the desired trajectory for bobsledders. Advanced software helps in achieving precision in design.
- Excavation and Foundation: Once the design is finalized, excavation begins. The foundation is made primarily of concrete, and steel reinforcements are added for strength.
- Refrigeration Systems: Underneath the track, a complex refrigeration system is installed. This ensures the track remains frozen throughout the competitions, regardless of external temperatures.
- Icy Layering: Water is sprayed onto the track and allowed to freeze. This process is repeated multiple times to achieve the desired thickness.
How Do They Smooth a Bobsled Track?
The bobsled track needs to be smooth for safety reasons and to facilitate the high speeds achieved by the sleds.
- Shaving: Maintenance crews use specialized tools to shave off irregularities and bumps from the track.
- Resurfacing: Just like an ice rink, the track is periodically resurfaced with water, which freezes to create a smoother surface.
- Track Inspection: Before any race, the track is thoroughly inspected for any anomalies. This ensures that sledders have the best and safest conditions for their runs.
How Thick is the Ice on a Bobsled Track?
The ice thickness on a bobsled track usually varies between 2 inches to 4 inches. This ensures durability while also providing a smooth surface for the sleds. The refrigeration systems under the track help maintain this ice thickness throughout competitions.
What Are Bobsled Tracks Called?
Bobsled tracks are also referred to as “bobsleigh tracks” or “bobsled runs”. In Europe, they’re often termed “bob runs”.
How Heavy is a Bobsled Empty?
The weight of an empty bobsled varies based on the category:
- 2-Man Bobsled: Typically weighs around 384 pounds (174 kg).
- 4-Man Bobsled: Weighs around 628 pounds (285 kg) when empty.
These weights are set by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation to ensure fairness in competition.
How Much Does a Bobsled Cost?
The cost of a bobsled can vary greatly based on materials, design, and manufacturer. On average, a new 2-man bobsled can cost between $50,000 to $80,000. A 4-man bobsled might range from $70,000 to $100,000. However, custom designs or advanced materials can drive up these prices.
How Much Does It Cost to Build a Bobsled Track?
Building a bobsled track is no small feat. The cost can range anywhere from $20 million to $50 million, depending on the location, length, design complexity, and the integrated technologies.
Factors like land acquisition, excavation, foundation work, refrigeration systems, and finishing touches all contribute to the overall expense.
How Heavy is a Bobsled in KG?
The weight of a bobsled depends on its category:
- 2-Man Bobsled: Approximately 170 kg to 175 kg when empty.
- 4-Man Bobsled: Ranges between 210 kg and 240 kg without its crew.
These weights are standardized by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation to maintain competition fairness.
What is the Hardest Bobsled Track?
The term “hardest” can be subjective, but many consider the track in St. Moritz, Switzerland, to be the most challenging. It’s the world’s only natural ice track, and its unique design offers a combination of technical curves and high speeds.
Other notable mentions are the tracks in Whistler, Canada, and Altenberg, Germany, both known for their technical demands on athletes.
Do Bobsleds Have Brakes?
Yes, bobsleds are equipped with brakes, but they’re only used after crossing the finish line. Braking during a run would hinder the sled’s speed. The brake mechanism typically consists of metal claws that dig into the ice when applied.
Do Bobsleds Have Steering?
Indeed, bobsleds have a steering mechanism. The driver uses ropes or handles connected to the sled’s front runners to steer. It’s a subtle but essential system, allowing the driver to navigate the high-speed turns and maintain the best line down the track.
How Fast Can Bobsleds Go?
Bobsleds can achieve impressive speeds. On most tracks, bobsleds reach speeds of up to 130 km/h (80 mph). However, on some of the faster tracks like the one in Whistler, Canada, speeds can even surpass 150 km/h (93 mph).
What are Olympic Bobsleds Made Of?
Olympic bobsleds are primarily made of materials like fiberglass and steel. The sled’s frame is typically constructed from steel, while the outer shell is crafted from lightweight fiberglass for aerodynamic efficiency. Some high-end sleds may also incorporate carbon fiber composites to further reduce weight.
Are Bobsled Tracks Refrigerated?
Absolutely. Bobsled tracks are equipped with intricate refrigeration systems underneath. These systems ensure that the track remains consistently frozen and at the ideal temperature, irrespective of the external weather conditions.
This consistent icy surface is crucial for the safety of athletes and to maintain the track’s integrity over time.
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Conclusion
Bobsled tracks and the sleds themselves are marvels of modern engineering and sports design. Behind every thrilling race is a meticulous process of track design, construction, and maintenance, ensuring that athletes can compete at their highest levels in a safe environment.
Whether you’re an avid fan of the sport or just casually tuning in during the Winter Olympics, understanding the intricacies of the track and sled can enhance the viewing experience.
Behind the high-octane thrill of bobsled racing lies a world of engineering marvel, stringent standards, and remarkable human achievement.
Whether it’s the track’s meticulous construction or the precise design of the sled, every element plays a vital role in this breathtaking sport. Knowing these intricacies can indeed enhance the appreciation of the next bobsled race you watch.
